Two-nation theory remains relevant.

Byline: NAZIR AHMED SHAIKH

The Presidential Address to the All India Muslim League on December 29, 1930 at Allahabad Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah is often considered to be Jinnah's definitive statement on the Two-Nation Theory. He declared that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations and that the only solution to their differences was the creation of a separate Muslim state.

Although the Two-Nation Theory was coined by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who was an Indian Muslim philosopher and social activist in the late 19th century. He believed that Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations with distinct cultural and religious identities and that they could not coexist in a single nation-state.

The Two-Nation Theory has been a source of pride and identity for many Muslims in South Asia, who see Pakistan as a homeland and a place where they can exercise their cultural and religious rights freely. The Theory has also played a role in shaping the political and social dynamics of the region, with many nationalist and religious movements drawing on its rhetoric and symbolism. The legacy of the Two-Nation Theory continues to be a topic of debate and discussion in both India and Pakistan. While some individuals and groups continue to celebrate the idea of a separate Muslim homeland, others argue that the Theory has been a source of division and conflict in the region and that the goal of a united, pluralistic society remains elusive. Ultimately, the legacy of the Theory underscores the ongoing challenges of building inclusive, tolerant societies in a diverse and complex world.

The Objectives

* Cultural and religious differences: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan believed that Hindus and Muslims had fundamental cultural and religious differences, which made it impossible for them to live together as one nation.

* Political representation: Muslims could not have adequate political representation and protection of their interests in a united India, as they would always be in a minority.

* Historical legacy: The theory emphasized the historical legacy of Muslims in the subcontinent, and argued that Muslims had a distinct cultural and political identity that was not compatible with the Hindu-majority culture of India.

* Muslim unity: The Two-Nation Theory aimed to unite Muslims across the subcontinent under a common political platform, and to create a separate Muslim homeland in which they could live according to their cultural and religious values.

Both Allama...