Data points.

Companies avoid paying about $4bn in overtime wages by inventing dubious titles for US employees, such as 'director of first impressions' and 'lead shower door installer,' according to new research on a common practice that skirts federal labour law. The practice, often deployed by retail and restaurant companies, takes advantage of the Fair Labor Standards Act, which exempts firms from paying overtime wages if the employee is a manager and gets paid a salary above a certain threshold. From 2010 to 2018, the researchers found a 48pc increase in job postings for salaried employees in dodgy managerial roles where duties rarely included any actual management. Companies avoided paying overtime on more than 151m work hours via this practice, the study found, costing workers an estimated $4bn in pay. Other suspect job titles identified by researchers included carpet...