When leaders got it right.

Most of the world's largest economies comprise the G20 countries which held their latest summit in Bali. Among them are three Asian countries - Indonesia, India and South Korea - that nearly fifty years ago had almost similar development indicators as Pakistan.

We too could have been a member of this elite club had we focused on and fully implemented three strategic decisions that our leaders took during the country's chequered history. All these decisions reflected great foresight and sagacity, based on the correct assumption that our pathway to development was through investments in the social sectors - namely health, population welfare and education.

In 1965, President Ayub Khan took a keen personal interest in population planning. He underscored its importance as a key development imperative and provided the political will that was needed to launch a large-scale family planning programme in the country. The entire civil bureaucracy at that time was galvanised, right up to the level of deputy and assistant commissioners who took an active part in population welfare activities. They were compelled to do so - they knew they were answerable to the head of state. After Ayub's ouster the programme was not pursued with the same level of emphasis and commitment. As a result, our progress in this area has been modest compared to other countries. Conversely, soon after their separation, the leadership in Bangladesh pursued the objectives of the family planning programme that had commenced at the same time in both wings with a sustained impetus that has now helped them to become an economic success story.

The second important decision was taken by Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo when he declared elimination of illiteracy as a national priority and included it in his five-point agenda for change. A nationwide literacy programme was launched by his government in 1985 which was to run until 1990. Its objective was to raise the literacy rate to 53% and the focus was on establishing literacy...