The breakthroughs.

THIS year, the Nobel prize in physics has been awarded jointly to three scientists - Alain Aspect of France, John F. Clauser of the United States and Anton Zeilinger of Austria - for their pioneering experimental work on entanglement.

Just like a ballet originating from different dancers performing together, the connection between particles, such as a pair of photons or electrons, gives rise to an interesting phenomenon called quantum entanglement. The entangled particles remain linked even when detached by considerably larger distances. Entanglement is considered primary for future quantum technologies, such as quantum computing, with the ultimate goal of achieving an enormous speed compared to any up-to-date computer.

The question of entangled pair was answered by the presence of hidden variables that instruct the particles for connectedness. Some six decades ago, a mathematical inequality - the Bell inequality -stated that...