A Pathway To Peace.

A key component of diplomacy in the modern period is interstate economic collaboration, a pathway to establish peace in any region. The US-China relationship serves as an instructive example in this regard. Both nations continue to involve intricate economic interconnectedness while seeking influence across continents. The US and China exchanged more than $700 billion of goods and services in 2021. Additionally, Beijing has acquired a sizeable amount of US Treasury securities. Similarly, despite their disagreements over borders, commerce and investment between India and China have soared. Developing alliances and linkages based ond interests is another aspect of interstate economic interaction. Two nations may cooperate on one international or regional issue while competing on another. For example, Germany seeks a permanent seat on the UNSC and disagrees with Italy over this, even though Italy and Germany are neighbours and EU partners. Despite sharing many of China's stances in climate change discussions with the US, India is a strategic ally of the US in its rivalry with China.

The pursuit of national interests based on reciprocity of economic and other advantages appears to be the only criterion that seems to govern modern diplomacy in light of how competitive but interconnected the globe is. There are many examples. India has maintained its long-standing alliance with Russia despite recent ties to the US. In reality, Russia continues to be India's largest supplier of military hardware. More recently, India decided to purchase Russian oil in defiance of Western sanctions put on Moscow due to its conflict with Ukraine. The relationships between China and Japan are another illustration. Despite notoriously tumultuous relationships, both are active in business, trade, and investments. It is understandable why Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari advocated for tight collaboration with neighbouring countries in his speech at the Institute of Strategic Studies in Islamabad last month. The strategy is logical. However, the issue in South Asia is the intense mistrust and ongoing confrontations between India and Pakistan, notably the Kashmir dispute. The Modi government has rejected India's previous pluralistic and secularist stance, which is another difficulty. It has begun implementing a Hindutva-driven agenda to establish a Hindu Raj. This strategy is creating a stir in India and has severe repercussions for the minority. ?

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