Combination of traditional, modern farming techniques essential for sustainable agriculture, maintain food security.

The excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers for last few decades has not only affected the environment but also damaged fertility of soil.Henceforth, The agricultural soil has become very much weak and unable to produce required or expected yield. The agriculture sector has utterly ignored the presence of organic matter (animal dung, tree leaves, crops remains etc) in the soil. Lack of organic matter has destroyed soil fertility. Fertilizers and pesticides can deliver better results only if the soil has sufficient organic matter. However , constant use of pesticides and fertilizers has poisoned soil and it is a major reason behind decline in production of different crops, especially wheat, cotton, sugarcane, rice and vegetables. According to agriculture experts, there should be at least five to six percent organic matter in the soil for achieving handsome production. Unfortunately, the agriculture sector has ignored organic matter for the last many years. Resultantly, soil contained 0.5 percent of organic material only, which is not only weakening soil condition but also damaging farmers economically and causing ultimate loss to the country's economy. Dean Faculty of Agriculture and Environment Science, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture Multan (MNS-UAM), Dr Shafqat Saeed told APP, 'the regular use

of pesticides and fertilizers poisoned our soil.' 'Although, fertilizers and pesticides are considered important but in case of weak soil, these could not produce better yield. There is a dire need to maintain the presence of organic matter in soil. When fertilizers are applied to any field, they make special bonds with organic matter and thus help contribute more production. 'Ifsoil lacks organic material, then fertilizerslose their efficacy because they cannot build any bond in soil, which is essential for fertility of soil,' Dr Shafqat Saeed explained. 'We have to limit chemical intervention in our agriculture sector. Europe isreturning to organic farming nowadays, so we will have to promote organic farming along with use of modern agriculture tools or machineries,' he remarked.Dr Shafqat added, Pakistan was among those countries severely affected by climate changes. Suddenly changing temperatures, unexpected rainfall, changing seasons of crop sowing and harvesting were also big challenges. So, we have to move

to smart farming for sustainable agriculture in the country. Smart farming means a combination of both traditional as...